On September 4, 2024, Russian presidential aide Yury Ushakov has said that Turkey has applied for the full membership of BRICS. The enlargement of the BRICS group at the beginning of 2024 included five new member states raises questions about the political and economic consequences. What do the existing members expect from the expansion? What do the new ones expect? What does BRICS enlargement mean for the West, and what could a liberal response to this look like? Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates joined the BRICS alliance at the beginning of the year. This was…
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