The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit in Tianjin (August 31–September 1, 2025) came at a particularly sensitive moment for India’s foreign policy. It offered New Delhi a timely platform to respond to the strain created by Donald Trump’s tariff measures and to reaffirm its strategic choices. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s presence in China followed weeks of sharp criticism from Washington, which accused India of “oiling” Russia’s war industry by purchasing discounted crude. Against this backdrop, the summit gave India a chance to underline its commitment to energy security and to demonstrate that its decisions would be guided by national priorities…



















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