Ayatollah Khamenei belongs to the generation of clerics who became radicalized in the 1960s due to the secularizing modernization of the Shah and his policy of creeping de-islamization of society. The more or less implicit recognition of Israel by the Shah and his increasingly radical refusal to recognize the Shia clergy as a key group in society led the latter to harden their anti-Shah posture as well as their anti-imperialist and anti-Western attitude. In 1963, in Qom, protests instigated by Ayatollah Khomeini were held against the agrarian reform, but also against women’s rights and Iran’s turn towards secularization. Iran-backed Ansar Allah…
![[UPDATE-Dec 4, 2025-Israel-Iran War] Gaza-Hamas, Lebanon-Hezbollah, Syria: Real Time Reaction and Analysis 1](https://ho1.us/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Dec04_SofIronBanner-400x300.jpg)
![[UPDATE-Dec 3, 2025-Israel-Iran War] Gaza-Hamas, Lebanon-Hezbollah, Syria: Real Time Reaction and Analysis 2](https://ho1.us/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Dec03_SofironBanner-400x300.jpg)
![[UPDATE-Dec 2, 2025-Israel-Iran War] Gaza-Hamas, Lebanon-Hezbollah, Syria: Real Time Reaction and Analysis 3](https://ho1.us/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Dec02_SofIronBanner-400x300.jpg)
















Comments